I have unexplained low PAPP-A and my baby is at risk. How should my doctor monitor and treat my pregnancy?

Alexander Kofinas M.D.

Pregnancies with unexplained low PAPP-A are at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal death. In most patients, this is the result of poor placental development and placental insufficiency. First we test such patients for thrombophilia and immune issues to identify the most probable cause so we can treat the patient accordingly. Patients who test positive are treated with ...